Can Sheet Metal Laser Cutting Machines Cut Copper?

Unlike common metals, copper possesses unique physical properties. When exposed to laser radiation, it tends to reflect light rather than absorb energy, making laser cutting of copper significantly more challenging compared to other metals. But don’t worry! In this article, we will explore how to efficiently cut copper using laser technology and share essential tips for achieving the best results.

Why is Laser Cutting Copper Difficult?

Copper has a high reflectivity and thermal conductivity, meaning that the heat generated during laser melting quickly dissipates into the base material. Compared to other materials, cutting copper requires a much higher laser output—typically around three times the power needed to cut stainless steel at the same cutting speed. Additionally, copper’s thermal expansion during cutting can cause focal point displacement, leading to defects in the cutting process.

Key Considerations for Laser Cutting Copper

Ensuring that the laser power is within the machine’s cutting capacity is crucial. Operators should avoid cutting at the maximum limit and instead reduce speed appropriately to ensure smooth piercing and complete penetration. When selecting assist gases, nitrogen and oxygen are recommended for cutting copper sheets. Nitrogen reduces reflectivity and improves cut surface smoothness, while oxygen enhances oxidation, leading to different cutting effects depending on the chosen gas.

Anti-reflective measures are also essential. Applying a beam absorber to the copper surface effectively reduces laser reflection. Special attention should be given to reflections from waste material in the collection bin, as they may interfere with the cutting process or even damage the equipment. In terms of piercing and focal point control, using high-energy conditions—such as high peak power and rectangular pulse waveforms—can help achieve fast piercing and minimize heat-induced focal point shifts. If any piercing abnormalities occur, operators should stop the machine immediately for inspection.

To mitigate thermal deformation issues during copper cutting, micro-joints or clamps can be used to stabilize the workpiece, preventing heat distortion from affecting the focal point and improving cutting precision. Equipment maintenance and safety should not be overlooked. Regularly cleaning optical components and ensuring a stable gas supply will keep the machine in optimal condition. Operators should stay clear of the cutting area, wear protective gear, and avoid direct contact with the machine to ensure workplace safety.

HuaWei Laser Reminds You: When cutting copper, precise parameter control, anti-reflection strategies, thermal deformation management, and regular equipment maintenance are all critical factors that directly impact cutting quality and production safety.

As a leading laser equipment manufacturer, HuaWei Laser provides advanced intelligent sheet metal laser cutting machines that ensure efficient and precise copper cutting, offering high-quality processing solutions for industrial applications.